本报告提供了对针对在线毒性的联系方式的参与分析。在2020年2月和2021年7月之间，我们观察了我们的细粒度，多语言检测AI识别的社交媒体上有超过1500万有毒信息。超过1,000个仪表板用户响应有毒性消息，具有可视化模因，文本或AI生成的文本的组合，或者报告内容。这导致新的，现实生活中的在线仇恨减轻的自我监管方法。

In intensively managed forests in Europe, where forests are divided into stands of small size and may show heterogeneity within stands, a high spatial resolution (10 - 20 meters) is arguably needed to capture the differences in canopy height. In this work, we developed a deep learning model based on multi-stream remote sensing measurements to create a high-resolution canopy height map over the "Landes de Gascogne" forest in France, a large maritime pine plantation of 13,000 km$^2$ with flat terrain and intensive management. This area is characterized by even-aged and mono-specific stands, of a typical length of a few hundred meters, harvested every 35 to 50 years. Our deep learning U-Net model uses multi-band images from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 with composite time averages as input to predict tree height derived from GEDI waveforms. The evaluation is performed with external validation data from forest inventory plots and a stereo 3D reconstruction model based on Skysat imagery available at specific locations. We trained seven different U-net models based on a combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 bands to evaluate the importance of each instrument in the dominant height retrieval. The model outputs allow us to generate a 10 m resolution canopy height map of the whole "Landes de Gascogne" forest area for 2020 with a mean absolute error of 2.02 m on the Test dataset. The best predictions were obtained using all available satellite layers from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 but using only one satellite source also provided good predictions. For all validation datasets in coniferous forests, our model showed better metrics than previous canopy height models available in the same region.

Recent work has reported that AI classifiers trained on audio recordings can accurately predict severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection status. Here, we undertake a large scale study of audio-based deep learning classifiers, as part of the UK governments pandemic response. We collect and analyse a dataset of audio recordings from 67,842 individuals with linked metadata, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test outcomes, of whom 23,514 tested positive for SARS CoV 2. Subjects were recruited via the UK governments National Health Service Test-and-Trace programme and the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission (REACT) randomised surveillance survey. In an unadjusted analysis of our dataset AI classifiers predict SARS-CoV-2 infection status with high accuracy (Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve (ROCAUC) 0.846 [0.838, 0.854]) consistent with the findings of previous studies. However, after matching on measured confounders, such as age, gender, and self reported symptoms, our classifiers performance is much weaker (ROC-AUC 0.619 [0.594, 0.644]). Upon quantifying the utility of audio based classifiers in practical settings, we find them to be outperformed by simple predictive scores based on user reported symptoms.

The UK COVID-19 Vocal Audio Dataset is designed for the training and evaluation of machine learning models that classify SARS-CoV-2 infection status or associated respiratory symptoms using vocal audio. The UK Health Security Agency recruited voluntary participants through the national Test and Trace programme and the REACT-1 survey in England from March 2021 to March 2022, during dominant transmission of the Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants and some Omicron variant sublineages. Audio recordings of volitional coughs, exhalations, and speech were collected in the 'Speak up to help beat coronavirus' digital survey alongside demographic, self-reported symptom and respiratory condition data, and linked to SARS-CoV-2 test results. The UK COVID-19 Vocal Audio Dataset represents the largest collection of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-referenced audio recordings to date. PCR results were linked to 70,794 of 72,999 participants and 24,155 of 25,776 positive cases. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 45.62% of participants. This dataset has additional potential uses for bioacoustics research, with 11.30% participants reporting asthma, and 27.20% with linked influenza PCR test results.

抗微生物抗性（AMR）是日益增长的公共卫生威胁，估计每年造成超过1000万人死亡，在现状预测下，到2050年，全球经济损失了100万亿美元。这些损失主要是由于治疗失败的发病率和死亡率增加，医疗程序中的AMR感染以及归因于AMR的生活质量损失所致。已经提出了许多干预措施来控制AMR的发展并减轻其传播带来的风险。本文回顾了细菌AMR管理和控制的关键方面，这些方面可以利用人工智能，机器学习以及数学和统计建模等数据技术，这些领域在本世纪已经快速发展。尽管数据技术已成为生物医学研究的组成部分，但它们对AMR管理的影响仍然很小。我们概述了使用数据技术来打击AMR，详细介绍了四个互补类别的最新进展：监视，预防，诊断和治疗。我们在生物医学研究，临床实践和“一个健康”背景下使用数据技术提供了有关当前AMR控制方法的概述。我们讨论了数据技术的潜在影响和挑战在高收入和中等收入国家中面临的实施，并建议将这些技术更容易地整合到医疗保健和公共卫生中所需的具体行动，并建议使用具体的行动部门。

基于控制屏障功能（CBF）的安全过滤器已成为自治系统安全至关重要控制的实用工具。这些方法通过价值函数编码安全性，并通过对该值函数的时间导数施加限制来执行安全。但是，在存在输入限制的情况下合成并非过于保守的有效CBF是一个臭名昭著的挑战。在这项工作中，我们建议使用正式验证方法提炼候选CBF，以获得有效的CBF。特别是，我们使用基于动态编程（DP）的可及性分析更新专家合成或备份CBF。我们的框架RefineCBF保证，在每次DP迭代中，获得的CBF至少与先前的迭代一样安全，并收集到有效的CBF。因此，RefineCBF可用于机器人系统。我们证明了我们在模拟中使用各种CBF合成技术来增强安全性和/或降低一系列非线性控制型系统系统的保守性的实用性。

当任何安全违规可能导致灾难性失败时，赛车要求每个车辆都能在其物质范围内驾驶。在这项工作中，我们研究了自主赛车的安全强化学习（RL）的问题，使用车辆的自我摄像机视图和速度作为输入。鉴于任务的性质，自主代理需要能够1）识别并避免复杂的车辆动态下的不安全场景，而2）在快速变化的环境中使子第二决定。为了满足这些标准，我们建议纳入汉密尔顿 - 雅各（HJ）可达性理论，是一般非线性系统的安全验证方法，进入受约束的马尔可夫决策过程（CMDP）框架。 HJ可达性不仅提供了一种了解安全的控制理论方法，还可以实现低延迟安全验证。尽管HJ可达性传统上不可扩展到高维系统，但我们证明了具有神经逼近的，可以直接在视觉上下文中学习HJ安全值 - 迄今为止通过该方法研究的最高尺寸问题。我们在最近发布的高保真自主赛车环境中评估了我们在几个基准任务中的方法，包括安全健身房和学习（L2R）。与安全健身房的其他受约束的RL基线相比，我们的方法非常少的限制性违规，并在L2R基准任务上实现了新的最先进结果。我们在以下匿名纸质网站提供额外可视化代理行为：https://sites.google.com/view/safeautomouracing/home

我们提出了一种使用边缘似然的分布式贝叶斯模型选择的一般方法，其中数据集被分开在非重叠子集中。这些子集仅由个别工人本地访问，工人之间没有共享数据。我们近似通过在每个子集的每个子集上从后部采样通过Monte Carlo采样的完整数据的模型证据。结果使用一种新的方法来组合，该方法校正使用所产生的样本的汇总统计分裂。我们的鸿沟和征服方法使贝叶斯模型在大型数据设置中选择，利用所有可用信息，而是限制工人之间的沟通。我们派生了理论误差界限，这些错误界限量化了计算增益与精度损失之间的结果。当我们的真实世界实验所示，令人尴尬的平行性质在大规模数据集时产生了重要的速度。此外，我们展示了如何在可逆跳转设置中扩展建议的方法以在可逆跳转设置中进行模型选择，该跳转设置在一个运行中探讨多个特征组合。